The main deck is transformed for freight
Dedicated freighters use strengthened floors, cargo-handling systems and large loading doors. Space that would contain seats, galleys and overhead bins becomes a controlled freight compartment.
Passenger aircraft still carry significant cargo below deck
The lower hold is shared between baggage and commercial freight. That means passenger route frequency can create a valuable cargo network even without dedicated freighter service.
Schedules follow different demand patterns
Passenger airlines concentrate on times people want to travel and connect. Cargo networks may peak overnight so packages can be sorted and redistributed before the next business day.
Airport handling is specialized
Freighters often park at cargo ramps away from passenger terminals. Loaders, dollies, warehouses and customs facilities replace jet bridges and boarding lounges as the key ground infrastructure.
Weight and balance remain critical in both operations
Cargo must be positioned carefully because heavy pallets can shift the aircraft center of gravity. Load planning therefore matters just as much as passenger and baggage distribution on a normal airline flight.
Some aircraft move between the two worlds
Older passenger airframes are sometimes converted to freighters when their economics no longer suit passenger service. Conversion extends useful life but requires substantial structural and systems work.
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