Crosswind Landings Explained

A runway rarely points exactly into the wind. When wind crosses from the side, the aircraft would drift away from the centerline unless the pilot deliberately corrects. Different aircraft use slightly different techniques, but the objective is the same: maintain the runway track and keep loads within landing-gear and control limits.

Crab angle keeps the flight path on the centerline

On approach, the aircraft can point partly into the wind while moving along the runway’s extended centerline. This is called crabbing and may be maintained until close to touchdown.

The aircraft may be de-crabbed before touchdown

Pilots can use rudder to align the fuselage with the runway while applying opposite aileron to control drift. Timing depends on aircraft type, wind strength and operator technique.

Some aircraft allow limited crab at touchdown

Large airliners may tolerate a small crab angle because their landing gear is designed for it, but limits still apply. Excessive side loading can damage tires or gear.

Gusts make control more dynamic

A steady crosswind is easier to predict than a gusty one. Crews account for gust increments and continuously adjust control inputs during the flare and rollout.

Every aircraft has crosswind guidance or limits

Manufacturers publish demonstrated crosswind values and operators may impose stricter limits. Runway contamination can reduce the allowable crosswind because directional control becomes more difficult.

A go-around is normal when alignment deteriorates

If the aircraft cannot remain stable or within limits, crews discontinue the landing and try again or use another runway. A crosswind landing is never something that must be forced.

More aviation guides

Explore more aircraft, pilot, airport and aviation guides on SY.com.

Explore aviation